Dairy cow breeds pdf

You can also selectchange the breed you are viewing using the dropdown list in the header above. The 4 major common dairy cattle breeds in kenya, milk. More than eighty recognized breeds of beef cattle are available to producers in the united states. These can be broadly classified into milch, draught and dual purpose breeds. Dual purpose breeds are used only for beef in the united states.

What dairy breed produces the majority of milk in the united states today. Although many problems can be avoided by careful management or dealt with on the. On jersey itself there are fewer than 6000 jerseys in total with nearly 4000 of these being adult milking cows. Second largest amount of milk produced of any dairy cattle breed. Starting dairy farming business plan pdf startupbiz global. What breed of dairy cattle is characterized as the most efficient producer in the world. A cow will regurgitate a bolus of partially digested feed, often called the cud, through reverse peristalsis. That is, selection may have had much to do with making beef breeds different from dairy breeds, but it. These breeds have been selected for two purposes at once, such as for both beef and dairy production. Similarly, grazing land holding and land allocated for forages were higher in periurban production system. Even though there are substantial physical and physiological differences between the two groups, they can be interbred readily to produce fertile offspring of both sexes. For the producer, the high genetic merit and wide selection of holstein bulls mean the choices are available to breed exactly the kind of cow you want without having to consider crossbreeding. Today, the jersey breed is the second largest breed of dairy cattle in the world.

When you think of a typical cow, you are probably thinking of a holstein. More than 800 breeds of cattle are recognized worldwide. The major historical developement of this breed occured about 2000 years ago in what is now the netherlands and more specifically in the two northern provices of north holland and. Dairy cattle breeds domesticated cattle are normally classified into two major groups, zebu bos indicus and european or temperate bos taurus. The purity of the breed on the island is maintained by a strict ban on imports. Both species were likely present since ancient times in northern africa and the middle east, where both natural and humancaused hybridization likely occurred. Grade dairy cattle are not registered in any breed association herd book but are. Dairy cows are usually wedgeshaped with their rear udder end much broader than their front end. Cattle breeds holstein holstein history the holstein breed originated in europe. Their strong stature makes them very resilient, and free of common cattle problems. What breed of dairy cattle produces milk that is slightly more golden in color than that of other breeds today.

Bos taurus or bos taurus taurus, typically referred to as taurine cattle, are generally adapted to cooler climates and include almost all cattle breeds originating from europe, the mediterranean region, and northern asia. The approximate weight of a mature cow should be 1500 lb. Earliest maturing dairy breed, producing on average 6,000 litres per cow per year. Cattle, domesticated bovine farm animals that are raised for their meat, milk, or hides or for draft purposes. This breed of dairy cattle out performs when compared to other breeds when looking at the ability of the cow to turn pasture into milk. Over 250 breeds of cattle are recognized throughout the world. There are six common breeds of dairy cattle in the u. Breeders herd of five females this group, all owned by the exhibitor, consists of. In fact, the holstein breed comprises more than 90 percent of all the dairy cattle in the united states.

What dairy breed is classified as one of the oldest breeds. Dairy cow behavior and impact on dairy cattle nutrition management 2. The government supported indian dairy establishment has focussed its energies on the cross breeding of existing cattle with foreign breeds. Breeds of cattle and buffalo tamil nadu agricultural university. About 9 million dairy cows occupy the nations rural landscape, and of those, 94 percent are the familiar blackandwhite holsteins, a breed so archetypal that even the cow emoji is a holstein. Its that black and white spotted cow you see all around. The most common dairy breeds are holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey, ayrshire, and milking shorthorn. Beef meat, dairy, draft, and multipurpose beefdraft, dairydraft, beefdairy and beefdairydraft. Pdf anatomical characteristics of dairy cattle are not equal for all breeds, meaning that the morphological traits of udder and teats could favor an. The core task of sustainable milk production is the conversion of forage into milk, dairy.

Identify the seven major breeds of dairy cattle utilized in milk production in the united states. Purebred dairy cattle generally refers to registered animals. Dairy cattle reproductive efficiency can be measured in several traits, like age at first service, number of service per conception, age at first calving, lactation length, calving interval, days open, and average milk yield per day an per lactation. According to assaminew and ashenafi 2015, the average head of crossbreed cows was very high in urban than that of periurban dairy cattle production system and the total cattle heads which include cross and local breeds. Dairy cow breeding jersey research at teagasc ballydague farm shows that although the purebred jersey and jersey crossbred cows produced less milk yield that their holsteinfriesian counterparts, milk solids yields of both purebreds was similar while the milk solids yield of. The modern dairy cow a cow can live for around 20 years but in commercial systems she will be culled at 6 years old, on average3. Review on breeding objectives and practices of dairy. About this same time, cattle were imported from the continent of europe into the eastern counties of england. Historically they have provided humans with a source of meat, milk, leather, transport. The muscles in the esophagus that send food down can also send it back up. Both are still dogs, but are different sizes, colors, and shapes.

Domesticated cattle have long played a vital role in human society. Americas disappearing ancient heritage dairy cows the. Bos indicus or bos taurus indicus cattle, commonly called zebu, are adapted to hot climates and originated in the tropical parts of the world such as subsaharan africa, india, china, and southeast asia. Comparison of two different dairy cow types in an organic, low input. Learn to identify the most common dairy breeds in the united states. Beef meat, dairy, draft, and multipurpose beefdraft, dairy draft, beef dairy and beef dairy draft. Handbook of good dairy husbandry practices national dairy development board national dairy development board anand 388 001 gujarat phone. In the 1800s, each cow produced an average litres of milk annually. Lets look at the holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey. This 71 page ebook includes descriptions of the ideal uses for each breed and the origin. Commercial dairy cattle production system this is a specialized market oriented dairy operation that. In order to be able to minimize antibiotic and other veterinary treatments in dairy cows, on the one hand the selec tion of suitable breeds or cow types is important.

Select the dairy cattle breed you would like to know about from the list below. The animals most often included under the term are the western or european domesticated cattle as well as the indian and african domesticated cattle. The cattle breeds ebook is a comprehensive guide to the different varieties of cattle. Therefore every farmer must continuously monitor the animals to detect and address any problems early. Us holsteins the breed of choice for americas dairy producers. Matching applicable performance or functional lev els to environmental, management, and marketing conditions. Even though there are substantial physical and physiological differences between the two groups, they can be.

Domesticated cattle are normally classified into two major groups, zebu bos indicus and european or temperate bos taurus. Maybe you have a breed of dog called a golden retriever, and your friend has a breed called a beagle. The foreign breeds introduced are the holstein friesian, jersey, red dane and brown swiss. North american dairy breeds breeds of livestock breeds. Largest dairy breed and ruggedly built is shape and possess large udder. In 305 days, a good dairy cow can produce 2,326 gallons or 20,000 pounds or. If you have information on a breed not listed please contact us and we will aim to add that breed to the list. Review on breeding objectives and practices of dairy cattle. The major breeds of dairy cattle in the united states are holstein, jersey, brown swiss, guernsey, ayrshire and milking shorthorn. Introducing superior genetic material into a herd will remain for several generations and can be built upon. Dairy breeds ben krahn dairy research center oregon state university. Dairy cattle are those breeds that produce larger volumes of milk for a longer period of time than other cows.

Pdf morphological and milkability breed differences of dairy cows. Dairy cow breeding by donagh berry, frank buckley introduction breeding contributes half the performance gains in dairy herds. Mar 11, 2016 brown swiss are the largest of the dairy breeds, and as their name implies usually solid brown in color. Breaks down dairy cattle nutrient requirements by energy, fat, proteins, and carbohydrates. Crossbreeding cornell applied dairy cattle genetics. Can you see why this is a good body shape for milking. Swalve, 2007 7 a study was conducted in germany comparing purebred.

This listing is only intended to help identify those breeds which are kept primarily for dairy purposes in north america primarily the united states and canada. International trends and results from crossbreeding data in germany h. Cattle breeds fall into two main types, which are regarded as either two closely related species, or two subspecies of one species. Dairy cattle reference minnesota ffa career development. Because of this population size, holsteins have the lowest average inbreeding of all of the major u. Dairy cattle farming is a very profitable business, and many people are making money all over the world by starting dairy milk farming businesses. Jersey, holstein, brown swiss, guernsey and ayrshire are all breeds. Economic analysis of dairy breeds which breed is the best elliott currie, associateprofessor, department of business jeff james, msc. Known as the aristocrat of dairy breeds due to their size. Humans are monogastrics, meaning we have a single stomach digestive system. Summarizes information on diary cattle breeds, supplies pdf copies of scorecards and evaluation cards, and supplies dairy news. Cattle is the most important among the domestic animals.

Grassbased dairy producers are utilizing ayrshire and jersey breeds for. Animal breeds the common breeds found in african dairy farms are the exotic ayshire, holstein fresian, jersey, guernsey, indigenous zebu, boran, ankole, fulani and. Breeds have typical marking of black and white that make them easily distinguishable. The percentage of registered cows generally decreased as herd size increased. Dairy farming and dairy products with cattle breeding. Some dairy cows can give as much as eight to ten gallons of milk every day. During domestication, breeds have been developed to express certain desired characteristics such as high milk production, resulting in the dairy cows we see today in commercial farming.

These welldefined breeds are found in the dry parts of the country. How to identify common breeds of dairy cattle farm and dairy. Ayrshire cattle will do better under pasture conditions than will the other major dairy breeds and, when pastures are poor, they need less grain to keep them in air condition c. But for beef cattle production, breeds are only part of a genetic strategy that should include. In the united states today, there are 6 main breeds of dairy cattle. The following are dairy breeds that have shows during the naile. The average brown swiss cow weighs about 1,500 lbs. In this lesson, students will discover that there are five breeds of dairy cows. Cow breeds can be broken up into four purpose types.

The holstein breed is the most common breed in america. These were dairytype cattle from holland that were primarily of the large white dutch or flanders breeds. Troels kristensen j dairy sci 2015 efficiency labos ulg. Dairy cow diseases and disorders dairy cows are vulnerable to infection and various types of disorders. There are many cattle breeds available around the world. A typical cow will spend at least 8 hours a day ruminating, or what we commonly call chewing her cud. As these new and improved breeds developed, the english longhorn fell out of favor and eventually out of use. Cattle farming is very profitable, easy to maintain and a traditional business. The following list of cattle breeds is a big list of breeds of cattle.

There are seven commonly recognized breeds of dairy cattle found in the united states, so there should be a breed to meet your farms needs. Breeds conservancy, grassbased dairy farming is on the increase, and this necessitates a very different type of animal. The average milk production of cow is 6000 to 7000 kgs per lactation. However, an exact count is difficult to obtain because other breeds continue to be. The jersey breed, one of the oldest dairy breeds, has been pure for six centuries. Jersey cows are known for their adaptability, tolerance to heat and the ability to produce more milk per kilogram bodyweight with a higher butterfat content than any other breed. The study was conducted in chencha district of gamo gofa zone, southern nations, nationalities and people regional state with the objectives to describe the challenges and opportunities of introducing exotic dairy cattle breeds at smallholder level.

Milk can be used to make an enormous variety of highquality products. Some of which adapted to the local climate, others that were raised by man for specialized uses. S although, they all share certain characteristics, they are each unique. Banaskantha districts of gujarat tharparkar native tractjaisalmer, barmer. In the 1800s, each cow produced an average litres of. Rumination and the fermentation which takes place in the rumen allows dairy cows ruminants to turn low quality forages and human food byproducts into high quality food. National dairy development board handbook of good dairy. However, to build a successful, sustainable milk dairy farming business, you require sufficient knowledge of how to. Genetic gain from good breeding decisions is cumulative and permanent. Dairy farming involves breeding cows, milking them, and selling the milk. Feed intake capacity of lactating cows in dairy and dual purpose cattle selection. Apologies if we are missing information on a specific breed.

The guernsey is also unique in the fact that their milk tends to have a slight yellow or orange tint. Good breeds of cattle are mostly confined to comparatively. Breeds of beef cattle there are approximately 250 breeds of cattle recognized throughout the world, and several hundred breeds that are not currently recognized. Dairy cow breeds in the uk the holsteinfriesian breed, which is black and white, is the most common type of dairy cow and represents 90% of the british herd. Some breeds produce a lot of milk and some breeds produce milk richer in protein or fat. These were dairy type cattle from holland that were primarily of the large white dutch or flanders breeds. India possesses 27 acknowledged indigenous breeds of cattle and seven breeds of buffaloes. If you have information on a breed not listed please contact us and we. Lowcost, grassbased dairies often cannot support the high nutritional requirements needed by largeframed, highproducing cattle. When starting a dairy farm, consider the following issues. The seven major dairy breeds holstein if you look out your car window and spot a dairy cow, it is probably a holstein. Solid brown varying with very little light to dark.

Read on to learn more about each of the breeds of dairy cattle. The lactation period, or the length of time a cow can produce milk before having another calf, is 305 days. Races are divided into two main types, considered as either closely related species, or two subspecies of a species. But for getting better profit from cattle farming business, you must have to select suitable and productive cattle breeds for for your farm.